Wednesday, December 14, 2011

The 2009 Report on Overhead-Type, Single-Phase, Liquid-Immersed Distribution Transformers with Maximum 500 KVA Excluding General-Purpose Types and Parts: World Market Segmentation by City

!: Catalog The 2009 Report on Overhead-Type, Single-Phase, Liquid-Immersed Distribution Transformers with Maximum 500 KVA Excluding General-Purpose Types and Parts: World Market Segmentation by City save

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This report was created for global strategic planners who cannot be content with traditional methods of segmenting world markets. With the advent of a "borderless world", cities become a more important criteria in prioritizing markets, as opposed to regions, continents, or countries. This report covers the top 2000 cities in over 200 countries. It does so by reporting the estimated market size (in terms of latent demand) for each major city of the world. It then ranks these cities and reports them in terms of their size as a percent of the country where they are located, their geographic region (e.g. Africa, Asia, Europe, Middle East, North America, Latin America), and the total world market.

In performing various economic analyses for its clients, I have been occasionally asked to investigate the market potential for various products and services across cities. The purpose of the studies is to understand the density of demand within a country and the extent to which a city might be used as a point of distribution within its region. From an economic perspective, however, a city does not represent a population within rigid geographical boundaries. To an economist or strategic planner, a city represents an area of dominant influence over markets in adjacent areas. This influence varies from one industry to another, but also from one period of time to another.

In what follows, I summarize the economic potential for the world's major cities for "overhead-type, single-phase, liquid-immersed distribution transformers with maximum 500 kVA excluding general-purpose types and parts" for the year 2009. The goal of this report is to report my findings on the real economic potential, or what an economist calls the latent demand, represented by a city when defined as an area of dominant influence. The reader needs to realize that latent demand may or may not represent real sales.

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Tuesday, December 6, 2011

ASTM A387-ASME SA387 Chrome Molybdenum Steel

!: ASTM A387-ASME SA387 Chrome Molybdenum Steel

The petrochemical industry sets very high demands for carbon steel grades used in their production facilities which is unsurprising given that the working environment is potentially such a hazardous one.  The industry dictates quality standards for the use of steel in these production plants with the emphasis placed heavily on operational safety.  Any material supplied must conform fully with the test criteria specified and such criteria varies dependent on the particular type of steel sought.  Chrome Molybdenum is one particular steel type which is popular within the industry.

About Chrome Molybdenum Steel
Also known as Chrome Moly, this particular type of steel is used for a variety of purposes including the fabrication of industrial boilers and pressure vessels.  Chrome Moly has two key advantages...
High temperature tensile strength - chrome moly is an ideal material for use in elevated temperature environments Corrosion & Oxidation Resistance- chrome moly offers excellent resistance to the effects of corrosion and oxidationThe steel itself is produced at the steel mill with higher levels of chromium and molybdenum - the chromium provides the corrosion and oxidation resistance whilst the molybdenum offers heat resistance.  It is therefore clear to see why such a steel is popular within the oil and gas industry where high working temperature in pressurised conditions are common place.

A387 / SA387
A387/SA387 refers to the ASTM / ASME standards respectively.  Both ASTM and ASME set international technical standards for the supply of a wide variety of materials including steel.  Equivalent standards include BS (British Standard), DIN (German Standard) and EN (Euro Norm).  Different varieties of chrome moly are denoted by the different grades and classes available.  Below is an example of different grades and classes supplied to the ASTM standard...
ASTM A387 Grade 11 Class 2 ASTM A387 Grade 12 Class 2 ASTM A387 Grade 22 Class 2 ASTM A387 Grade 5 Class 2 ASTM A387 Grade 91 Class 2 ASTM A387 Grade 9 Class 2Testing of chrome molybdenum steel plate can be performed at the point of production and can also be arranged by the customer via a third party testing house.  Examples of test performed on chrome moly steel include...
Vacuum treatment Product Analysis Additional Tension Test Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Drop Weight Test High Temperature Tension Test Ultrasonic Examination Magnetic Particle ExaminationChrome Moly steel plates are supplied with their own test certification from the mill and each plate is individually stamped which provides full traceability.


ASTM A387-ASME SA387 Chrome Molybdenum Steel

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